Overview
The Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is a freshwater fish belonging to the family Poeciliidae. It thrives at temperatures of 22–28 °C with a pH of 6.8–7.8, and requires a minimum tank volume of 40 litres. Known for its peaceful community fish; males may harass females, it is considered a beginner-level species. Keep at least two females per male to distribute harassment; females store sperm for multiple births. Water changes of 25–30 % weekly, stable parameters, and appropriate tank mates are key to long-term success with this species.
Scientific Classification
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Family | Poeciliidae |
| Genus | Poecilia |
| Species | Poecilia reticulata |
| Water type | freshwater |
| Native range | Reunion|Guadeloupe|Martinique|North America|Afrotropical|Australasian|Nearctic|Neotropical|Oriental (Indomalaya)|Palaearctic|Pacific (Oceania)|Kenya |
Natural Habitat
Poecilia reticulata originates from Reunion|Guadeloupe|Martinique|North America|Afrotropical|Australasian|Nearctic|Neotropical|Oriental (Indomalaya)|Palaear. It inhabits freshwater environments and is adapted to the water conditions found in its native range.
Appearance
Adults reach Males 3–5 cm; females 5–6 cm in length. The body is freshwater and the species displays characteristic coloration suited to its environment.
Behavior
This species is described as a peaceful community fish; males may harass females. It does not school and can be kept individually or in small numbers. Activity level is high. Keep at least two females per male to distribute harassment; females store sperm for multiple births.
| Trait | Value |
|---|---|
| Temperament | peaceful community fish; males may harass females |
| Schooling | No |
| Activity level | high |
Water Requirements
| Parameter | Ideal Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 22–28°C (72–82°F) | Use a reliable adjustable heater |
| pH | 6.8–7.8 | Avoid sudden swings |
| Hardness (GH) | 8–30 dGH dGH | Soft to moderately hard |
| Ammonia | 0 ppm | Any detectable ammonia signals a problem |
| Nitrite | 0 ppm | Toxic even at low levels |
| Nitrate | <20 ppm | Manage through regular partial water changes |
| Min. tank | 40L (11 gal) | Larger tanks are easier to keep stable |
Interesting Facts
- Guppies were used in the 20th century as a biological control agent against malaria mosquito larvae.
- Wild guppies in Trinidad show rapid evolutionary adaptation to local predator environments.
- A single female can produce 20–100 fry every 4–6 weeks after one mating.
📋 Full Care Guide
Ready to set up a tank for your Guppy? The complete care guide covers tank setup, feeding schedule, common diseases, tank mates, and breeding.
Read Guppy Care Guide →Related Species
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This species profile was reviewed for biological accuracy and practical aquarium care guidance. For suspected illness or disease, test your water parameters first and consult an aquatic veterinarian if symptoms persist.